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Energy and the Environment
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Introduction
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Transport Fuels5 Topics
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Energy Sources: Fossil Fuels8 Topics
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Energy Sources: Renewables10 Topics
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Electricity10 Topics
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Energy Sources: Nuclear6 Topics
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Demand Response6 Topics
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Energy/Emissions Policy15 Topics
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What is Policy ?
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Policy Development
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Energy Policy
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Energy Priorities
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What is a Carbon Price ?
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Emissions Trading
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Carbon Tax
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Carbon Tax Vs Carbon Trading
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Saudi Arabia National Renewable Energy Program
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Large scale Renewable Energy Target
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Small scale Renewable Energy Scheme
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Global Warming Potential (GWP)
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Saudi Arabia Emissions Profile
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Methods for Measurement
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Carbon Pricing Mechanism
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What is Policy ?
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Energy Economics2 Topics|1 Quiz
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- Measure for a power source
- attempts to allow comparison on comparable basis
- a ssessment of average total cost to b uild & operate over a facilities lifetime divided by output over lifetime
- provides a minimum cost of electricity for facility to break even
Levelized cost of energy
The levelized cost of energy (LCOE), or levelized cost of electricity, is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. The LCOE is calculated as the ratio between all the discounted costs over the lifetime of an electricity generating plant divided by a discounted sum of the actual energy amounts delivered. The LCOE is used to compare different methods of electricity generation on a consistent basis.
It | investment expenditures in the year t |
Mt | operations and maintenance expenditures in the year t |
Ft | fuel expenditures in the year t |
Et | electrical energy generated in the year t |
r | discount rate |
n | expected lifetime of system or power station |
Example
Input | Data |
Capital Cost | $10,000 |
Maintenance Cost | $100/year |
Fuel Costs | $0 |
System Size | 4 KW |
Capacity Factor | 17% |
Discount rate | 10% |
Operating Life | 20 years |
Levelized Cost of Energy Calculator
The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) calculator provides a simple calculator for both utility-scale and distributed generation (DG) renewable energy technologies that compares the combination of capital costs, operations and maintenance (O&M), performance, and fuel costs.
NREL, U.S. Department of Energy